Northwest Passage Sources

Panama Canal
By Camilo Molinaderivative work: MrPanyGoff - http://www.flickr.com/photos/milhoooox/1454717385/sizes/l/in/set-72157603216901000/Uploaded by MrPanyGoff, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18722432

Americas Map
By CIA, original political map from Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection; University of Texas Library Online - http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/americas/americas_pol96.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1839902

DB Station clock
By S. Terfloth User:Sese_Ingolstadt - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1770399

Stacked Coins
By Jeff Belmonte from Cuiabá, Brazil - Contando Dinheiro, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37232972

Globalisation & Trade
Rotterdam, World Port Source
By Allan C. Green 1878 - 1954 - State Library of Victoria [1] (cropped and improved contrast), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10540452

ShortCut
www.legalcheek.com

North West Passage
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=76051

Baffin Island
By Ansgar Walk - photo taken by Ansgar Walk, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1109307

Iceberg
By Ansgar Walk - photo taken by Ansgar Walk, CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=757815

GPS
By Thomas Benke from Zurich, Switzerland - nokia 6110 navigator im testUploaded by Partyzan_XXI, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8311441

Discovery
By Cropped from a photograph published in H.R. Mill: The Siege of the South Pole, Alston Rivers, London 1905), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8874345

NorthwestPassage
By NASA - NASA, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50779792

Speculation-Stock investments
By Katrina.Tuliao - https://www.tradergroup.org, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12262407

Japan
CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=791077

Exploation - Hudson Half Moon
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10553272

Henry Hudson
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=461792

William Baffin
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/eb/9d/d1/eb9dd1d6cb8962505ec87763db5442ac.jpg

Alexander MacKenzie
By Thomas Lawrence - National Gallery of Canada (no. 8000), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=270925

Hudson bay Map
By Tatiraju.rishabh at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18215517

Baffin Island
By Base image created by Keith Edkins as GFDL, modified by Tim Vasquez. - http://www.aquarius.geomar.de/omc/omc_intro.html (http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6491650

MacKenzie River
By User:Shannon1. - File:Mackenzierivermap.jpg. Map of the Mackenzie River, second greatest river in North America, that drains to the Arctic Ocean, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27763678

Vancouver City
By The original uploader was Tawker at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Vinhtantran., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4151709

North Sign
By Ltljltlj - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1062827

Arctic Circle
By This image is a copy or a derivative work of {{{1}}}, from the map collection of the Perry-Castañeda Library (PCL) of the University of Texas at Austin.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.PCL Map CollectionTransferred from cs.wikipedia to Commons by sevela.p., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3591690

Canadian Arctic
By NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, LANCE/EOSDIS Rapid Response, using VIIRS data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite. Suomi NPP is the result of a partnership between NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of Defense. Caption by Kathryn Hansen. - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=88597, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50773577

Admirably Extension
By Diliff - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1233931

Sir John Franklin
By Unknown - Dibner Library Portrait Collection, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=180845

HMS Terror
By Unknown - National Archives of Canada / C-029929Transferred from en.wikipedia. Original uploader was Dr.frog, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4230979

HMS Erburus
By Unknown - Illustrated London News, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11256137

Steam Engine
By Chris Allen, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3939903

Canned Food
By Butterfly voyages - Serge Ouachée - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10536479

Orkney
By Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17529705

Disko Bay PhotoGraph
By No machine-readable author provided. Jan Kronsell assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=335801

Disko Bay
By Algkalv (talk) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9862751

LancasterSound
Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=649209

Sunset Horizon
By Geerd-Olaf Freyer from Aachen, Deutschland - Borda do mundoUploaded by tm, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24390407

Chip n Dale Rescue Rangers
TV Tropes

Jane Griffin (Later Lady Franklin)
By Amelie Romilly (1788-1875), Joseph Mathias Negelen (1792-1870) - Derivative of: File:LadyJaneFranklin.jpgAustralian Government - Department of the Environment and Water Resourceshttp://www.artfinder.com/work/lady-jane-franklin-1792-1875-joseph-mathias-negelen-amelie-romil/http://catalogue.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/item/?id=AB713-1-11386http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/explore/object.cfm?ID=PAJ2655http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/206/301/lac-bac/explorers/www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/explorers/kids/h3-150.12-e.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26731097

Mystery Machine
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/The_Mystery_Machine.jpg

Archelogy
By Wolfgang Sauber - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48460693

Manuscript des Tag und Familienbuchs
By Anna Grigorjewna - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48732117

John Rae
By Original uploader was Fawcett5 at en.wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3709973

Owen beattie
Ualberta.ca
https://sites.ualberta.ca/~publicas/folio/37/14/gif/05.jpg

Lightbulb
GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=829146

Beechey Island Map
By OppositeLock - http://www.demis.nl, Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1185092

Graves, Beechey Island
By Russell A. Potter (User:Clevelander96 at English Wikipedia) - Transferred from en.wikipedia; transferred to Commons by User:OppositeLock, Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1172382

Icey Waters
By Algkalv (talk) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9862751

HMS Investigator
http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/pub/photos/4970072.bin_.jpeg

King William Island
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/4967551.jpg

Message in a bottle
By Augusto Pirovano - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21826876

Back River
By NicolasPerrault - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17563523

Stuck in the ice
http://classicsailboats.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/image.jpg

MagnumPI
http://www.filmworkspacific.com/store/image/cache/data/magnumpi_shirt[1]-600x600.jpg

Across the Ice
http://www.newstatesman.com/sites/default/files/styles/nodeimage/public/blogs_2014/09/89017117.jpg?itok=F0c-yF21

Solder
By Kevin L Neff, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50017388

Image Sources for "The Shrinkage of the Aral Sea"

Title Image, Aral basin, August 19, 2014
By NASA - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84437, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35700417

Map of Central Asia
By Cacahuate - Own work based on the blank world map, CC BY-SA 4.0-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22746270

Kazakhstan, Apartments on the Ishim River
By Askar9992 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48384158

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
By Gilad Rom - Photo taken by Gilad Rom, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3611027

Aralkum desert
By upyernoz - originally posted to Flickr as Aral Sea Bed, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4599817

Cracked Ground
By Jeroen Moes from Florence, Italy - Ground | Orange, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28869093

Dead trees, Vllalore Lake in dried conditions
By bigbangnerd.com - Own work www.vellalore.in, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36928350

Zooey Deschanel, NYC, july 2008
By Amelia Beamish - She & Him, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8388142

Bay of Zhalanash, Aral, Kazakhstan
By Zhanat Kulenov - This file has been provided by UNESCO (unesco.org) as part of a GLAM-Wiki partnership. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37385990

Abandoned ship near Aral
By User:Staecker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=658367

Former harbour Aral
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1451726

Abandoned Ship, near Aral
By Staecker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=365757

The Scream
By Edvard Munch - WebMuseum at ibiblioPage: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/munch/Image URL: http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/munch/munch.scream.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37610298

Safari por Kenia
By carlos gonzalez - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41364845

Aral Sea, (north at bottom) 1985
By NASA - http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/photoinfo.pl?PHOTO=STS51F-36-59, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=225591

Shoals of fish
By Peter Southwood - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26321540

Russian Navy, Aral Sea
By An apparently unnamed Russian officer or civilian traveler, possibly M. Veniukof - The Russians in Central Asia : their occupation of the Kirghiz steppe and the line of the Syr-Daria : their political relations with Khiva, Bokhara, and Kokan : also descriptions of Chinese Turkestan and Dzungaria; by Capt. Valikhanof, M. Veniukof and [others] (1865) http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023159621#page/n353/mode/1up, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8785294

Amy Darya
By joepyrek - http

Syr-Darya
By Petar Milošević - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25932405

Syr-Darya Map
By Background layer attributed to DEMIS Mapserver, map created by Shannon1 - Background and river course data from http://www2.demis.nl/mapserver/mapper.asp, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9416944

Amu-Darya Map
By Background layer attributed to DEMIS Mapserver, map created by Shannon1 - Background and river course data from http://www2.demis.nl/mapserver/mapper.asp, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9405268

Fish Harvesting
By Vladimirdobretic - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29034924

Caspian Sea
By No machine-readable author provided. Kmusser assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1544424

Aral Sea, 2010 with border
By Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team - NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center; http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2010-04-04, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9927430

Politburo
By Unknown - http://warrax.net/88/pix/0005rfy3.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28848936

Farming
By Ralf Roletschek - Transferred from the German Wikipedia. Original file is/was here. (Original upload log available below.), GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35770

Combine Harvesters
By Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-1984-0803-026 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5342874

Steppe
By The original uploader was Carole a at English Wikipedia - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=387485

Irrigation
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=687414

Shelterbelt
By ShinePhantom - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40990809

Dust Bowl
By Arthur Rothstein, for the Farm Security Administration - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppmsc.00241.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information.العربية | čeština | Deutsch | English | español | فارسی | suomi | français | magyar | italiano | македонски | മലയാളം | Nederlands | polski | português | русский | slovenčina | slovenščina | Türkçe | українська | 中文 | 中文（简体）‎ | 中文（繁體）‎ | +/−, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6241057

Uzbekistan Desert
By Leaflet - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7823177

Cotton
By Bubba73 (Jud McCranie) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44304832

Drop of water
By No machine-readable author provided. Roger McLassus 1951 assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=576328

Cotton harvesting
By David Nance - United States Departement of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service – Image Number K5925-12, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26965

Uzbekistan Desert
By Jabez at English Wikipedia - http://www.pagetour.narod.ru, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3396508

Impact of water on surface
By Marlon Felippe - Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3566527

Irrigation Canals
By No machine-readable author provided. Alfredobi assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=605330

Irrigation Canals
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=688776

1960's
By Bruce_Crandall's_UH-1D.jpg: US ArmyThe_Beatles_in_America.JPG: United Press International, photographer unknownKennedyb.jpg: Victor Hugo KingMartin_Luther_King_-_March_on_Washington.jpg: Unknown?Woodstock_redmond_stage.JPG: Derek Redmond and Paul Campbell1958_農業大躍進.jpg: UnknownStonewall_Inn_1969.jpg: Diana Davies, copyright owned by New York Public LibraryNASA_AS-11-40-5875.jpg: Neil A. Armstrongderivative work: CatJar at en.wikipedia, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12474881

Lake Superior
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2230892

Aral Sea 1997
By NASA - http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/EFS/images.pl?photo=STS085-503-119, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20266390

HP Pavillion
By Mike Gonzalez (TheCoffee) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8274904

Aral Sea 2000, 2004, 2008, 2015
Nasa, http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/aral_sea.php

Old Harbour, Aral
By Yorian - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8058059

Kazakh fisherman
By dpp_emye - https://www.flickr.com/photos/dpp_emye/5808741901/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34978248

Salt Flats,Death Valley
By Wing-Chi Poon - self-made; at Badwater, Death Valley National Park, California, USA, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2897392

Toxic Symbol
By Unknown - EPS file skull.eps from UNECE web site converted with ImageMagick convert and with potrace, edited in inkscape, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4983904

Farm Runoff
By Lynn Betts / Photo courtesy of USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24802993

Industrial Runoff
By Frank J. (Frank John) Aleksandrowicz, 1921-, Photographer (NARA record: 8452210) - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17100875

BioWeapons
http://cns.miis.edu/opapers/op1/p3.jpg

Rebirth Island
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1449712

BioHazard
By Silsor - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=516714

Anemia
By Dr Graham Beards - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20525151

TB
By Unknown - This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2543.Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers.English | Slovenščina | +/−, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=978580

Volga
By No machine-readable author provided. Olegivvit assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=795241

North Aral Sea
By Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory - http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17241, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=734992

North Aral Dam
http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/media/images/81174000/jpg/_81174638_1920x1080kokaral-dam-chapte.jpg

Image Sources for "What Caused the Dust Bowl?"

Texas Panhandle Dust Storm
By Arthur Rothstein - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID fsa.8b27276. Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23809011

Cotton Farm, circa 1930
By U.S. Department of Agriculture - NRCSDC01002, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17797924

Great Plains, Lincoln, Nebraska
By Blamfoto - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7665063

Dust Storms (Farmer holding hat)
By Unknown or not provided - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16630372

Dust Storn Stratford, Texas
By Credit: NOAA George E. Marsh Album - Source: original upload 7 March 2005 in english wikipedia by w:en:User:Brian0918; there from http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/theb1365.htmSource: original upload 7 March 2005 in english wikipedia by w:en:User:Brian0918; there from welding training, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=235911

Destitute Pea Pickers in California. Mother of Seven Children
By Dorothea Lange, Farm Security Administration / Office of War Information / Office of Emergency Management / Resettlement Administration - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID fsa.8b29516. Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52734

Approximate extend of Great Plains
Public Domain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29186682

Mount Elbert, highest peak of Rocky Mountains
By Rick Kimpel - Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7798146

The Rio Grande emerging from Santa Elena canyon with the Chisos mountains in the distance. The right bank is Mexico, the left the USA
By Bob Palin - Own work, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=121877

Calgary, Alberta
CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=263481

Colorado Great Plains, north across the Sand Creek highlands
By Chris Light - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43188862

Sand Creek massacre site
By Chris Light - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47358041

Pluie de printemps
By Sergio Valle Duarte - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37045089

Drought
By upyernoz - originally posted to Flickr as Aral Sea Bed, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4599817

Carquelure
By Axel Kristinsson from Reykjavík, Iceland - Craquelure, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24754740

Great Plains with native grasses, Haskell county Kansas 1897
By Willard Drake Johnson - U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library, http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5538595

Short-grass prairie along the front range of the Rockies, south-central Colorado, as seen from Interstate 25.
By Nicholas A. Tonelli from Pennsylvania, USA - Skewed, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21218901

White bread, made and photographed by ElinorD
By ElinorD - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2244944

Homestead act, Langell Valley
By Bureau of Land Management - Homestead_Act_08, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28064971


Boys Historical Clothing
http://histclo.com/imagef/date/2007/05/sumnerh92s.jpg

Frionteer Settlers
http://nebula.wsimg.com/946269cb46db3f6fc1ab8faca4b5a9b1?AccessKeyId=2DFC29495CF915879C96&disposition=0&alloworigin=1

Uncle Sam
By James Montgomery Flagg - http://www.usscreen.com/american_spirit/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=166666

The Great East River Bridge
By Currier & Ives, Public Domain,https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9915121

Homesteaders in Nebraska 1886
By Unknown - http://research.archives.gov/description/518267, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3532924

Sod Hut
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11202804

Al Gore
By The original uploader was Breuwi at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2240551

Water
By unbekannt270 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33554315

Contour Farming, Dust Bowl
By U.S. Department of Agriculture - NRCSDC01010, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17797890

Kevin Costner, Field of Dreams
https://images2.alphacoders.com/488/488988.jpg

The Cow Boy
By John C. H. Grabill - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID ppmsc.02638, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2615100

Holstein
By Unknown - United States Department of Agriculture, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=539865

Wind Erosion
By U.S. Department of Agriculture - NRCSDC01018, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17797885

South Dakota
By Sloan (?) - United States Department of Agriculture; Image Number: 00di0971 (original link now dead), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2246882

Statue of Liberty
By William Warby - originally posted to Flickr as Statue of Liberty, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4800579

White House
By This image or media was taken or created by Matt H. Wade. To see his entire portfolio, click here.@thatmattwadeThis image is protected by copyright! If you would like to use it, please read this first. - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5004719

Shelter Belt Trees
By ShinePhantom - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40990809

Shelter Belt Map

Oklahoma homestead Texas county,
By USDA - Dust to Tranquility. Conservation Programs. USDA Farm Service Agency., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30116971

A Farmer inspects his wind eroded fields during the Dust Bowl, Colorado 1938
By U.S. Department of Agriculture - NRCSCO01001, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17797898

Image Sources for "First Ascent of the Matterhorn"

Titles refer to keywords in the video.
Though some changes occur in editing, this list is in order of appearance.


Title Card Image.
By Photo: chil, on Camptocamp.orgDerivative work:Zacharie Grossen - Camptocamp.org, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16791896

Parthenon
By User:Mountain - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1427237

Justinnina Ravenna
By Meister von San Vitale in Ravenna - The Yorck Project: 10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei. DVD-ROM, 2002. ISBN 3936122202. Distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=155429

Lisbon
By Franz Hogenberg & Georg Braun - cropped lower and higher parts from Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12635560

Apls
FAL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=179259

Civilisation
Ronan Maher - Screenshot

jetpack fallout 4
Nexus mods https://staticdelivery.nexusmods.com/mods/1151/images/5082-3-1449561186.jpg

Persistance of memory
Wiki art: http://uploads5.wikiart.org/images/salvador-dali/the-persistence-of-memory-1931.jpg

Snowy alps
By Marco Verch - Alpen, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41734442

Industrial Revolution
Public Domain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7223906

Vault Boy
http://images.techtimes.com/data/images/full/163416/meaning-of-vault-boy-thumbs-up-jpg.jpg?w=600

Just Right meme
http://i2.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/facebook/001/070/061/d96.jpg

Monte Rosa
By Ximonic (Simo Räsänen) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39453031

Dom of Mischabel
By Zacharie Grossen - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33560874

Weisshorn
By Zacharie Grossen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43711356

Wetterhorn
By Xperience - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6527645


Willis
By The Law Gazette - http://via.lib.harvard.edu/via/deliver/chunkDisplay?_collection=via&inoID=241646&recordNumber=714&chunkNumber=1&method=view&image=full&startChunkNum=1&endChunkNum=1&totalChunkCount=1, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5978435

Valtorunenche
Valtorunenche Tourism http://www.locanda4.com/assets/Uploads/foto2.jpg

Valtorunache arms
CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7981173


Furggen
By Francofranco56 - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16306335


Dent d'Herens
By {{{1}}} - Flickr: Dent d'Hérens, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27404167

Mount Brule
By DrTW at Dutch Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1861749

Carrel
By Edward Whymper - File:Whymper - Scrambles amongst the Alps.djvu, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21901480

SouthFace of Matterhorn
By Photo: Francofranco56Derivative work: Zacharie Grossen - File:Cervino versante sud.JPG, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38350924

Signposts
By Franzfoto - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31756082

Luggage
By Kathryn Greenhill - Flickr: All our luggage, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24414738

Francis Douglas
By Edward Whymper (1840-1911) - Scanned from A Brief History of British Mountaineering by Colin Wells, ISBN 978-0903908627, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4767536


Mote Rosa Hotel
Zermatt.com http://zermatt.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Monte-Rosa.jpg

Croz
By Edward Whymper - File:Whymper - Scrambles amongst the Alps.djvu, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21963771

Hudson
By Edward Whymper (1840-1911) - Scanned from A Brief History of British Mountaineering by Colin Wells, ISBN 978-0903908627, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4767787

Tea
By Vanderdecken - Author's original own work., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1613904

Wine
By Jon Sullivan - pdphoto.orghttp://pdphoto.org/PictureDetail.php?oldpg=2479, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=25990

Tagwalder
By Unknown - www.srf.ch/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39281765

Alpine Sunrise
By Tobiasvde - Sunrise above the Alps, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42075011

East Face
By Juan Rubiano from Zürich, Switzerland - Das Matterhorn, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8443529

Final Section
By Gustave Doré - Scanned from A Brief History of British Mountaineering by Colin Wells, ISBN 978-0903908627, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4767424

Peak
By Edward Whymper - File:Whymper - Scrambles amongst the Alps.djvu, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24557699

Tragedy
http://cripplesbastardsandbrokenthings.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/tragedy_1280x1024.jpg

Matterhorn Glacier
By Franco Pecchio - originally posted to Flickr as 20080425_zinal-arolla-18, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7264399

Image Sources for History of Racing Colours


By Mark McArdle - originally posted to Flickr as Race Start!, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10643007
By rallycarter - http://www.flickr.com/photos/srtrallybob/1570442794/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6892478
By AngMoKio - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10311674
By Christof Berger - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=217481
By Mark McArdle from Canada - A little lockup from Massa, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4780629
By Francesco Crippa - DSC_7195.jpg, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21299909
By Jonathunder - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10559984
By Hideki Kimura, Kouhei Sagawa - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8341063

By Jeff Wunrow from Minneapolis, MN, USA - Scott Speed, Red Bull Racing, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3249872
By Luca Barni - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16683650
By kallerna - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11788842
By Dennis Elzinga - Audi R18 e-tron Quattro, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39957569
By La Vie au Grand Air - La Vie au Grand Air du 19 juin 1903, p.409, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47910348
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3880091
By Original by J. Fleury, uploaded by Suckindiesel (Transfered by Apterygial) - Original uploaded on en.wikipedia, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14015735
By La Vie au Grand Air - La Vie au Grand Air du 19 juin 1903, p.409, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47910348

Irish Mirror
Daily Telegraph
BBC
f1fantatic.co.uk

CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=228377
By Bureau of Land Management, Office of Public Affairs - http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/bpd.html - then you must Search Oregon for the file name (Horsescd1l-095.jpg), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1600721
By Midx1004 at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Transfer was stated to be made by User:jillids., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3258862
http://ifapa-international.net/standard-post/
askaboutireland.com
By Unknown - Famous Americans: their portraits, biographies and thrilling experiences Published by The Educational Company, Chicago 1901, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31401783
By Unknown NASA official - Slightly cropped image. Original taken from NASA's Visible Earth: [1].Credit: Jacques Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=72559
By David.Monniaux - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15385869
By Chatham House - https://www.flickr.com/photos/chathamhouse/16528067458/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38743680
By Lars-Göran Lindgren Sweden - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1348859
http://www.velocetoday.com/belgian-race-drivers-and-teams-2/

http://www.fourtitude.com/news/publish/Tradition_News/article_7472.shtml
By AlfvanBeem - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15710013
By en:User:Nickfraser - en:Image:Olivesfromjordan.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2208405
By Brian Snelson from Hockley, Essex, England - Matra-Cosworth MS10, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4420924
By Stahlkocher - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1876574
By Source (WP:NFCC#4), Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49743949
By Ben from LONDON, United Kingdom - Renault sport RS 01, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36353014
By en:User:Ericd - photo taken by en:User:Ericd, en:Image:Renault RS10.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=725701
By Dave Jefferys - https://www.flickr.com/photos/jaffapix/26387286062/in/album-72157664943710804/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48425033

By Lothar Spurzem - Originally from de.wikipedia; description page is (was) herefirst upload in de wikipedia on 12:02, 12. Jun 2006 by Spurzem (805 x 641 (167.485 Byte) (* Bildbeschreibung: Hermann Lang 1977 im Mercedes W 125 * Fotograf: Lothar Spurzem * Datum: 1977 in der Südkehre des Nürburgrings Bild-CC-by-sa/2.0/de), CC BY-SA 2.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=886255
By Lesser Ury - http://www.villa-grisebach.de/, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=468845
By Writegeist - Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3851335
By Wonker Wonker from London, United Kingdom - Rolling Start, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4729504
By Bull-Doser - Own work., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10747813
By Jaydec at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9952950

By Mannen som ville plyndre byen - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36663456


By From the Project Gutenberg EBook of Van Peking naar Parijs per auto, by Luigi Barzini and Scipione Borghese - http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17432, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=814943

By No machine-readable author provided. Sfoskett~commonswiki assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=120013
By Lothar Spurzem - Image digitally retouched by Readro. - User:Spurzem, CC BY-SA 2.0 de, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1572834
By I, SilverArrows, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2437574
By Morio - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39428629
By Chris Game - 20150412-EU5A6872.jpg, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46905705
By Edvvc from London, UK - 2015 Audi R18 E-Tron Quattro, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43762481

On The Time of the Doctor

The Time of the Doctor aired on Christmas Day and I sat with my feet up and a mug of milky tea and watched it from beginning to end. This was Matt Smith's last outing as the Doctor and safe enough to say there has been a lot of anticipation building up to this moment. There was a lot in this one episode that was worth talking about and events of this one episode have a lot of implication for the series as a whole.

I want to establish that I liked the episode, I thought it was good, but only good, not great though. Just to make sure we're clear on that. And also I'm only dealing with what happened in this episode not the series wide implacations.

Something that struck me in particular was a problem I think that has plagued the recent episodes of the series. It is the fact that despite a great premise and great idea being established these ideas are executed poorly. I feel this prevented the episode from reaching its full potential and being a fabulous send off for Doctor number eleven. Let's run through this from the beginning,

Personally I'm not a big fan of the voice over explaining where we are and what's happening, show don't tell should apply. The encounters with the Cybermen and the Daleks does really give weight to the situation, we do get a sense that every player in the universe is here.  This is good storytelling so far, Doctor Eleven's last outing is going to be something massive that everyone is there for. The fact that no one has gone down to the planet and the prevalence of fear also adds to it too.

Skipping ahead the Doctor and Clara land on the planet and are attacked by the Weeping Angles, the use of the snow make very a very good moment here however the angels are not really heard from again. The Angels work best in tight claustrophobic environments where they are difficult to get away from and it does make sense why they aren't focused on more. This is where the execution does falls down as the Angels were their for their own sake. I understand why there we put in but it is worth consider if they are really necessary.

Examining the town the idea of the truth field is nice but I really don't think it adds to the story, it's used once and doesn't come up again really. Another good idea gone to waste. I did like the idea of using the crack in the universe again, it ties together some of the elements of the Eleventh Doctor's story and the Time Lords returning harks back to the send off given to the Tenth Doctor. The fact that they are returning in peace as opposed to as warriors is also a nice touch. It sets up a moral dilemma for the Doctor, rescue his lost people but in doing so he will restart the Time War. The Doctor, knowing that this planet is the one where he will die, the Doctor resolves to stay with the people of the town and hold out for as long as possible.

A great set up? Absolutely, the Doctor having his last stand, knowing he is out of regenerations. This should be a battle of epic proportions, an emotional roller coaster from start to finish. But here's the problem it falls flat. The Doctor remains unchanged by centuries of fighting, the townspeople come and come and there is no real sense of danger. Every fight the Doctor wins and wins easily, his character doesn't grow more jaded as the fighting continues. We are not made care about the people the doctor is protecting and we know the end result so therefore the fighting is inconsequential.

I suppose this is a problem when you know that the doctor is regenerating and will survive but when we are watching only to figure out how he will move on and know that the world will go on unaffected by the events we can't get involved and me moved by it (as much as we possibly could).

The episode does tug at the heartstrings a few times, when the Doctor send Clara away (harking back to The Ninth Doctor send Rose away) and him seeing Amy again. This was a nice touch, and I thought a better way to handle the send off than was displayed with the Tenth Doctors send off. Here it's simple, the first face the Eleventh Doctor saw, not a celebration dance of all of his achievements.

To conclude I think, the episode concluded well, the resolution of the new regeneration cycle I fell fitted well although it had a bit of Deus Ex hanging about it. A nice send off, nothing great though. I'm hopeful for the new series.


Just more thoughts from nowhere.
Thanks for reading.

Books from Nowhere: The Perks of being a Wallflower

I picked up the Perks of being a Wallflower on the cheap, thank you DCU Book Society, over a month ago. It's a book that's been on my list for a long time and the opportunity to purchase it for four euro was too good to pass up. It was time to see if the book would live up to the very positive recommendations that came from several of my friends.

The novel centres around Charlie, a socially awkward 15 year old who's best friend Michael committed suicide. Charlie begins High School with no friends, many of the people he knew from middle school have drifted away or joined different social groups. He is eventually befriended by an older student, Patrick who then introduces Charlie to his social group. The story then goes on to chart Charlies adventures with a new group of friends, and dealing with feelings he has never had before, particularly for Sam, Patrick's step sister, with whom he is immediately smitten with.

The narrative is revealed to the reader through letters that Charlie writes to an unknown recipient. This affords the reader the opportunity to experience the narrative on the same level as Charlie. It also is effective at conveying his innocence in the presence of his peers who are older had have considerably more worldly experience. On reflection, the fact that Charlie is addressing the reader upfront, making them the intended audience of his writings makes Charlies even more sympathetic.  The reader, almost immediately, feels like Charlies only friend as a result. This creates a bond between reader and narrator that is seldom seen in fiction and often takes a long time to build up when it does happen. It also provides for some brilliant moments of humour in the novel, Charlies naivety will provide the more worldly reader with many a chuckle.

The Perks of being a Wallflower, is a great coming of age story. Charlie is an instantly  likable a memorable protagonist a product of great thought on the author's part. The journey from innocence to experience, is conveyed through the relationships Charlies has with the different characters in the novel. The relationship he has with his family, the individual members of his new group of friends and with his English teacher, all allow us to see Charlies growth as a person. Special praise is reserved for the author, in how he can manage to treat all the individual threads of the different relationships with as much care as the other and make them all seem significant no matter how small they really are.

That's really the main  message I took from this book, that it's our relationships with other people that make us. Others can change us, shape us, introduce us to new and wonderful things, help appreciate the past and above all help us through difficult time.

The book is definitely worth a read. It has a cast of distinct and colourful characters, each with their own personality and such detail, I find, is seldom seen elsewhere. It's got a compelling story, that take you through the entire emotional spectrum and it boasts an almost Tarantino like quality in it's pop culture references (albeit here it's referencing books and late 1980's early 1990's music and trends).

Just more thoughts from nowhere.
Thanks for reading.